Johannes+Kepler

** (1571 - 1630)    “Nature uses as little as possible of anything.” Born on December 27th, 1571 in Germany, Johannes Kepler was a mathematician, astrologer, physicist, and astronomer. He studied at the University of Tübingen in 1593 where Michael Maestlin, his mathematics teacher, taught him Copernicus's heliocentric theory, although in his university lectures he only taught the Ptolemaic system. In 1594 Kepler was recommended to be a professor of mathematics and astronomy in Graz, Austria and remained there until 1600, when he was invited to be an assistant to Tycho Brahe. After Brahe’s death in 1601, Kepler became his successor as Imperial Mathematician to the Emperor Rudolph II. During this time, Kepler published a number of important books, including his __ Astronomia pars Optica __, which gave his modern explanation for the workings of eyes. Also, his __Astronomia Nova__, which included Kepler’s first 2 laws of planetary motion. In 1610, he published another book, //__Narratio de Observatis Quatuor Jovis Satellitibus __////, which were //his observations of Jupiter's satellites. The next year he published his __Dioptrice__, which set out the theoretical basis of double-convex converging lenses and double-concave diverging lenses, the production of the Galilean telescope and his improved Keplerian telescope, and the effects of focal length on magnification and reduction. In 1612, Kepler accepted the position of district mathematician in Linz, Austria. Then in 1619, he published his //Epitome ////__Astronomiae Copernicanae __//, which became the most influential introduction to heliocentric astronomy. Also, he published his //__Harmonice Mundi __////. // He derived the heliocentric distances of the planets and their periods from reflections of musical harmony. In this work we also find his third law of planetary motion. Kepler’s position in Linz progressively weakened, due to the Thirty Years War and the Counter Reformation. He and his family left Linz in 1626. In 1630, Johannes Kepler died at the age of 58 in Regensburg, Germany. He improved science by advancing the realm of optics by explaining how people can see and how eyeglasses work. He also improving the telescope, and creating his 3 laws of planetary motion.
 *  Johannes Kepler

//Kepler's Platonic solid model of the Solar System from __ Mysterium Cosmographicum __ (1596).//

“Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus”

**Kepler's First Law (1609) ** : The orbit of a planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus.
 * __ Kepler's 3 Laws of Planetary Motion __**


 * Kepler's Second Law (1609)**: A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of times.


 * Kepler's Third Law (1618)**: The square of the sidereal period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi - major axis of the orbit.

**Notebook Activity:** Create a Commemorative Postal Stamp that teaches people about the life and achievements of Johannes Kepler. Follow Grade Sheet. 1)   The Commemorative stamp was turned in on time. For each day late, it is 10%.    2)    The student created a Commemorative Postal Stamp for Johannes Kepler that teaches the people of his achievements……………………………...............................................................................………………………………………..…….Worth 5 Points 3)   It was done neatly and in color…………………………………………........................................................………………………..…..Worth 5 Points    4)    Along the borders, on all four sides, there are words or phrases that describe specific characteristics of Kepler………......................................................................................……………………………………Worth 10 Points 5)   At the top of the stamp, there was a clever slogan and the date of the event...........................................................Worth 5 Points    6)    In the top left-hand corner, there was a 41 cents or a numerical amount 7)   Under the slogan and date, there was an illustration or multiple illustrations of the life and achievements of Johannes Kepler. The illustrations were drawn neatly and well, or they were from the computer and historically appropriate…………………Worth 15 Points    8)    On the back, there should be a paragraph explaining your design and how it teaches people about Kepler………………………………………………………………………………….....................................................................……………….Worth 10 Points **Total Points = 50**
 * __ Commemorative Stamp Grade Sheet __**

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HERO



Johannes Kepler has been named this year’s recipient for the __Astronomer of the Year Award__ for his achievements in the field of Science. He has changes the view of the solar system for the better! He has discovered that planet’s orbit in an oval, not a circle. Kepler also advanced the science of optics by discovering new polyhedral, finding proof for logarithms, and by creating a way to find the volume of solids of revolution. He also improved Galileo’s telescope with his studies of optics. He had many struggles with society over his studies and beliefs, even though he remained true to his faith throughout. He risked the disapproval from the church and for his rejections on the Ptolemaic Theory. However, Kepler’s greatest achievement was the discovery of his 3 laws of planetary motion. Though they were not easily accepted at first, they founded a new basis for astronomy.

~ASTRONOMER OF THE YEAR~ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................

WANTED Reward: $120,000



Johannes Kepler has betrayed the Holy Church and is spreading lies about the universe! He has been printing many books about his “findings”, which are giving too many people the wrong ideas. We have put his library under seal, but we fear that this is not enough for this crazed heretic. He must be brought to the Inquisition immediately. Let us all pray that this misguided man will once again be saved by God.

** DEAD OR ALIVE! **